8 patterns

Multi-Agent

Several role-specialized agents coordinate through a manager, hand off to each other, or debate.

Patterns in Multi-Agent

Supervisor

Multi-Agent · 7 nodes · 6 LLM calls · branch · 2 scenarios

+2 variants · No single inventor

A supervisor agent sends work to specialist agents and every result comes back through it.

Handoffs

Multi-Agent · 5 nodes · 5 LLM calls · branch · 2 scenarios

+2 variants · OpenAI Solutions team 2024

Agents pass the whole conversation to each other; the agent holding it talks directly to the user, and there's no central manager.

Group Chat

Multi-Agent · 7 nodes · 10 LLM calls · branch · 2 scenarios

Wu et al. 2023

Agents share one thread; a manager picks who speaks next, everyone sees every message, and the chat runs until it is told to stop.

Role-Play

Multi-Agent · 5 nodes · 9 LLM calls · loop · parallel · branch · 2 scenarios

Li et al. 2023

Two role-prompted agents, an instructor and a doer, trade instructions and solutions turn by turn until the instructor declares the task done.

SOP-Driven Team

Multi-Agent · 7 nodes · 4 LLM calls · loop · branch · 2 scenarios

+1 variant · Hong et al. 2023

Role agents follow a fixed procedure, each publishing a structured document to a shared pool that the next role picks up.

Blackboard

Multi-Agent · 8 nodes · 9 LLM calls · parallel · branch · 2 scenarios

No single inventor

Specialists read and write one shared board; each round a control unit picks who acts next, until a critic finds a solution on the board.

Mixture-of-Agents

Multi-Agent · 9 nodes · 6 LLM calls · parallel · 1 scenario

+1 variant · Wang et al. 2024

Layers of different models each answer, every model in the next layer reads all the previous answers, and an aggregator writes the final one.

Multi-Agent Debate

Multi-Agent · 6 nodes · 9 LLM calls · loop · parallel · 1 scenario

+2 variants · Du et al. 2023

Several agents answer independently, read and critique each other's answers over rounds, then converge by majority or an optional judge.